2023 CMC Crypto Playbook: The Present and Future of Layer 2 Roll-ups by ConsenSys

An Overview of Layer 2 Roll-ups Over the past few years, Layer 2 (L2) rollup solutions have come to the forefront as activity on the Ethereum network has grown. Activity and engagement with non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has caused a surge in Layer 1 (L1) blockchain activity. In turn, the demand for blockspace, represented by gas costs, has increased. And the time for transaction finality has risen due to the increased network load. Whilst the Ethereum Merge set the groundwork for future gas fee optimisations; it did not directly reduce transaction gas fees. In the year between